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Cheese on toast

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forget processed! Make your own! As you all know cheesemaking capitalises on the curdling of milk. First, the milk is carefully selected to make sure there are no antibiotics or harmful agents that could affect the process. The milk is then heated and held at a given temperature for a short period to destroy any harmful bacteria (i.e. pasteurisation). Special starter cultures are then added to the warm milk and change a very small amount of the milk sugar into lactic acid. This acidifies the milk at a much faster rate and prepares it for the next stage. Rennet (mainly chymosin) is then added to the milk and within a short time a curd is produced. Pepsin is not normally used in Britain except for certain specialised cheeses. The resultant curd is then cut into small cubes, and heat is applied to start a shrinking process which, with the steady production of lactic acid from the starter cultures, will change it into small rice-sized grains. At a carefully chosen point the curd grains are allowed to fall to the bottom of the cheese vat, the left-over liquid, which consists of water, milk sugar and albumen (now called whey) is drained off and the curd grains allowed to mat together to form large slabs of curd. The slabs are then milled, and salt is added to provide flavour and help preserve the cheese. Later, it is pressed, and subsequently packed in various sized containers for maturing.

That is the basic method for making what is known as a hard-pressed cheese.

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Fair dues, i can see that the inception of cheese into this coversation has been beneficial and somewhat intriguing, however the advent of the "chilled" snack or "dessert" as it is often known cannot be ignored. I mean of course the yogurt. The Yogurt is not just a delicious snack with fruits on the bottom, it has great health benefits. It is an excellent source of protein, calcium, riboflavin and vitamin B 12. When yogurt is compared to milk, yogurt contains more calcium and protein because of the added cultures in the yogurt.

Yogurt must contain active and living cultures to be yogurt. Cultures are composed of unique living microorganisms which are responsible for many of the health and nutritional benefits of yogurt.

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Aaah, yoghurt. A fave subject of mine.

It is thought that yogurt was first found as early as 2000 BC in Mid Eastern civilizations as a way to preserve milk. Fermented and cultured milks may actually predate recorded history however. A type of yogurt is thought to have originated by nomadic tribes of Eastern Europe and western Asia. The word yogurt is Turkish in origin. The ancient Assyrian word for yogurt, "lebeny" meant life. It's interesting to note that the modern word 'probiotic' can literally be translated to "For Life". There has been a longstanding belief that eating yogurt or the consumption of some type of cultured milk product is associated with longevity due to the friendly bacteria's ability to fight disease.

Historically, foods have been fermented and cultured to preserve them. As many forms of milk have been consumed since the dawn of time, Milk is thought to be the first cultured food. Cows were first domesticated in 9000 BC in Libya. There's no written evidence that yogurt was consumed but it's highly probable there was some form of cultured milk product. India's Ayurvedic history dates to 6000 BC, expounding the virtues of regular dairy product consumption and its contribution to a long, healthy life. Eastern Indians regularly consume milk from camels to yaks, making that milk into yogurt and cheese. 2500 years ago, Indian yogis proclaimed yogurt to be the "food of the Gods".

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Oh Christ! Would you just make me a fucking sandwich already? Oh, and I'll wash it down with some of that delicious yogurt that they DRINK in Serbia.

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I am so pleased to learn you are a fan of the often underlooked and undervalued yogurt. The yogurt is not only tasty but also nutritional. To add more yogurt to everyday diet, here are some healthier alternatives and tips:

  • Replace mayonnaise and salad dressings with yogurt

  • Replace ice cream and milkshake with frozen yogurt and mixed fruit yogurt smoothie

  • Make dips with yogurt instead of sour-cream

  • Try using yogurt cheese instead of cream cheese

  • Use to marinate meat and poultry

  • Yogurt can also be stove cooked, but it will curdle if heated to too high a temperature or boiled. Adding a tablespoon of cornstarch into each cup of yogurt before cooking it, can prevent this problem.

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Yoghurt contains helpful bacteria, did you know that?

Studies have shown that these probiotic cultures benefit your health in a variety of ways:

Enhancing digestion

Improving nutrient absorption

Fortifying the body's natural defenses

Inhibiting disease-producing organisms

Lactobacillus acidophilus L. acidophilus provides various health benefits in the gastrointestinal tract. Several studies indicate that L. acidophilus helps lower cholesterol by interfering with cholesterol re-absorption in the intestine.

Bifidobacteria (Bifidus) Bifidus stimulates the immune system, helps prevent common digestive ailments and supports healthy growth and development of the digestive tract.

Lactobacillus casei L. casei enhances positive bacterial balance in the intestine. It enhances the immune system by inhibiting growth of diarrhea-producing organisms, alleviates constipation, reduces hypertension, inhibits the growth of carcinogenic tumors, and suppresses disease-producing microorganisms.

Lactobacillus reuteri Stonyfield Farm is the only U.S. yogurt brand to offer L. reuteri in its products. L. reuteri inhibits the growth and activity of harmful bacteria such as Salmonella, E. Coli, Staphylococcus, Listeria and the yeast Candida. It also has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on both viral and bacterial diarrhea. L. reuteri boosts the body's immune system, enhancing the body's resistance to gastrointestinal disease.

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Good point!! The answer to that may well lie in their origin. Im assuming you know this MajorT but just to reiterate the point. Modern interest in yogurt began in 1910, when Russian researcher Ilya Metchnikoff reported that Bulgarian peasants, whose diets included a great deal of yogurt, lived to extraordinary ages.

One of the oldest stories associated with yogurt suggests that a messenger to 12th century Mongol leader Genghis Khan was journeying across the desert when he stopped in a newly conquered village. The villagers filled his gourd with milk, sure it would spoil under the heat of the sun, leaving the horseman to die in the desert. Instead, the constant agitation of the ride and the warm temperature resulted in a delicious white, custardy substance which the soldier drank and enjoyed. Much fortified he continued his arduous journey!

Now can you believe that ;)

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can you beleive this though?

Contrary to popular opinion, home remedies such as live yoghurt applied to the vagina are not proven cures for thrush. However, taking steps like using live yoghurt or washing with salt water (one teaspoon to a pint of water) can help soothe the itching and soreness of thrush while you are waiting to get treatment from your doctor or pharmacist.

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No really? :jawdrop:

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Originally posted by Major Tarantino can you beleive this though?Contrary to popular opinion, home remedies such as live yoghurt applied to the vagina are not proven cures for thrush. However, taking steps like using live yoghurt or washing with salt water (one teaspoon to a pint of water) can help soothe the itching and soreness of thrush while you are waiting to get treatment from your doctor or pharmacist.

...I think I'm losing my appetite now.

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It's true. No wonder i still have itcyhness.

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Originally posted by bLuE oRdEr > Originally posted by Major Tarantino can you beleive this though?Contrary to popular opinion, home remedies such as live yoghurt applied to the vagina are not proven cures for thrush. However, taking steps like using live yoghurt or washing with salt water (one teaspoon to a pint of water) can help soothe the itching and soreness of thrush while you are waiting to get treatment from your doctor or pharmacist.

...I think I'm losing my appetite now.

That may be so, but yogurt is responsible for so much in this world, to understand this we must go right back, so get ready (;)) We must begin at the beginning, in Joy Division times before the yogurts we know today, the raw uncultured yogurt was just emerging from the increasing mass of fermented foods... The origin of fermented foods and cultured milk products goes so far back that it predates recorded history!! :faint: Still lets continue!! Most cultured foods start with milk, which people have been drinking since the dawn of time. The first evidence of the domestication of cows occurred in 9,000 BC in Libya, and while there are no written records that prove these ancient people ate yogurt, the probability is high that they consumed cultured milk products of some sort. India’s Ayurvedic writings, dating back to 6,000 BC, indicate that regular consumption of dairy products led to a long and healthy life. In India, the milk of almost every animal, from camels to yaks, continues to be made into cultured foods, including yogurt and cheese, of which there are more than 700 varieties.

Authorities believe that cultured foods first occurred naturally, probably from organisms present in the food itself or in the environment. Because these foods were pleasant tasting, it is likely that people soon learned to save a "starter culture" from a particularly good batch of yogurt or other cultured food. This starter was added to a bowl of fresh milk to induce fermentation.

Most authorities agree that the ancient people of the Middle East ate yogurt regularly. Written records confirm that the conquering armies of Genghis Khan lived on this food. History tells us that by the year 1206, Genghis Khan had conquered all of Mongolia and united the warring tribes under his banner. By 1215, the Mongols held most of the Ch’in Empire and had vanquished Turkistan and Afghanistan. They even penetrated southeastern Europe.

Highly mobile, the Mongols rode small, swift horses that were bred to traverse the vast plains of the Mongolian empire. Every Mongol’s wealth was measured by the number of horses he owned, and each soldier traveled with a large string of them. These hardy horses were what helped make this army invincible. Not only did they carry soldiers into battle, they also provided the rich milk that was fermented and enjoyed by every member of the conquering hordes—from the Great Khan to the lowliest slave. Known as kumiss, this is one of the earliest known fermented milk products. Highly nutritious, kumiss not only not sustained the Mongols, it kept them healthy.

Kefir, another cultured milk product, originated in the Caucasus mountains of Russia. It is variously cultured from the milk of goats, sheep, or cows. Its name translates loosely to "pleasure" or "good feeling." Due to its health-promoting properties, kefir was once considered a gift from the gods. Ever since the eighteenth century, kefir has been credited with healing powers. As early travelers to the Caucasus region came home with stories of its powerful healing properties, everyone wanted some of this medicinal miracle food. However, the necessary starter cultures, which were passed from generation to generation among the Moslem tribesmen of the Caucasus, were considered a very real source of family and tribal wealth. The tribes guarded the secret process jealously and protected it with their very lives.

In the early 1900s, the All-Russian Physicians’ Society contacted the Blandovs, two brothers who owned cheese factories in the northern Caucasus mountains. The Society asked the brothers for help in obtaining some kefir culture. The brothers put their heads together and came up with a daring idea. Their plan depended on the cooperation of a beautiful young woman named Irina Sakharova, who worked in one of Nicolai Blandov’s plants. She was sent to coax a Caucasus prince named Bek-Mirza Barchorov into giving her some culture grains. Although the prince was dazzled by the lovely Irina, he refused to give her any of the precious substance.

The prince made it clear that he wasn’t willing to give up the secret of kefir. But he wasn’t willing to give up Irina either, and she was kidnapped by the prince’s men as she was returning home. Forcibly, they brought her back to the court, where the prince, hoping to win her love, proposed marriage. Irina refused. Eventually, Irina was rescued by the Blandovs. Then, backed by the brothers, she brought her grievance against the prince to the Czar’s court. The prince offered Irina gold and jewels as reparation for the wrongs done to her, but she refused. As a settlement of her suit against Prince Bek-Mirza Barchorov, Irina demanded—and got—grains of the precious kefir culture.

In September 1908, Irina Sakharova brought the first bottles of cultured kefir to Moscow, where it was used medicinally with great success. In 1973, Irina, at age 85, received a letter from the Minister of the Food Industry of the USSR. In it, he gratefully acknowledged her primary role in bringing kefir to the Russian people.

YOGURT TODAY

Today, yogurt is enjoyed just about everywhere. With the exception of the Chinese, who prefer fermented soy products, milk-cultured yogurt is enjoyed worldwide.

In the 1970s, yogurt consumption rose in the United States by 500 percent. By the mid-1980s, Americans were spending close to $1 billion on yogurt every year. And for the fiscal year ending November 1995, the National Yogurt Association estimated yogurt sales in this country alone at around $1.38 billion.

Yogurt is as familiar as milk in the dairy cases of supermarkets everywhere. It is available fresh or frozen and in regular, low-fat, and nonfat varieties. And talk about flavors—you can now select from a bewildering array of flavors that were unthinkable not so long ago. Most people view yogurt as a wholesome, high-protein, healthy food. It is, and it isn’t. It all depends on how the yogurt is made.

The friendly bacteria used to culture true yogurt are Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. When these bacteria are added to milk and allowed to ferment, the resulting culture is a naturally sweet, mildly tangy, smooth, fresh-tasting custard-like treat. And, thanks to the action of the bacteria, true yogurt is almost a "predigested" food. Within an hour after eating yogurt, 90 percent of it is digested. Compare this to a glass of milk, of which only 30 percent is digested in the same amount of time. More importantly, the friendly live bacteria present in true yogurt offer health benefits, some of which are discussed in this book’s Preface. More benefits will be discussed in succeeding chapters.

Unfortunately, those colorful little cups of stuff in the supermarket don’t qualify as true yogurt. You should be aware that the commercial production of yogurt isn’t regulated. There are some loose guidelines that give a list of bacteria that are acceptable as starter organisms, but the bacteria are not ranked according to their health-promoting benefits. Many organisms will cause fermentation, but only living specific strains of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus provide proven health benefits. Often, the least expensive organisms are the most popular with profit-oriented producers.

Although it is frowned upon, some manufacturers still pasteurize their products after the culturing process is complete. This destroys any harmful bacteria lurking in the yogurt; however, it also kills the microorganisms used to cause the fermentation. Therefore, even if the very best bacteria have been used as culturing organisms, they will be destroyed in the pasteurization process. Only living bacteria provide proven health benefits.

If you are like most people, you probably like the sweet fruit-flavored yogurts best. They are the bestsellers. But if you think the addition of fruit adds to the healthy qualities of yogurt, you’re mistaken, for several reasons. First, the fruit that is added to most commercial yogurt is processed, not fresh. Second, the live bacteria used as a culturing agent like the sugars in fruit as much as you do; in fact, they would much rather nibble on the fruit sugar than ferment the milk. Whether the fruit is layered on the top or the bottom, or swirled throughout the yogurt, chemical additives are placed between the fruit and the cultured milk to keep the live bacteria from coming into contact with the fruit.

The manufacturer of one very popular, fruit-flavored yogurt uses a culture called pima, which is not a lactobacillus (milk-based) culturing agent at all. What pima produces is slime. This allows the manufacturer to skip adding a thickener to the yogurt. The end result of the pima culture is a homogenous slimy mass that does not separate. If it was sold as plain yogurt, you’d probably spit it out. To hide the slimy texture and odd taste, the manufacturer adds a lot of processed fruit and sugar.

Unfortunately, for all of these reasons, I can’t recommend any of the commercially produced yogurts on the market today. I urge you to read labels carefully and try to make an informed choice. It’s a shame that this simple, nutrient-rich, health-promoting food has been so commercialized.

Some health food stores promote their own brand of yogurt. Unfortunately, even yogurt sold as "old fashioned" or "homemade" may not have the quality you’re looking for. This is because even your health food store suppliers shop for starter cultures in the same places commercial producers shop. It’s easier and less expensive to use a manipulated bacteria that has been designed to shorten production time, rather than use truly beneficial strains of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus cultures. The milk will still sour, and the end result will look right and taste right, but, without the right starter culture, the healthy benefits you’re looking for will be missing.

If you won’t settle for less than the best yogurt, make your own using a starter of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus, which is sold in most health food stores. You’ll be surprised at how easy it is. True homemade yogurt is smooth and creamy, faintly sweet, and mildly tangy with a refreshing aftertaste. I promise you, one taste of your own homemade yogurt will convince you it is well worth the very small effort.

If you like yogurt that is sweet and fruity, add your own fresh fruit. If you like it crunchy, add some low-fat, no-sugar-added granola cereal. Health food stores offer a variety of healthy, whole grain cereals that make perfect toppings for a morning bowl of true yogurt.

It seems that everyone is aware of the importance of a well-functioning immune system, but few people give much thought to their digestive processes. Nonetheless, it is well-known that what you eat has a major effect on your health. What you might not know is that your gastrointestinal tract is actually your first line of defense against disease.

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Lets not forget...

SOYA is one of natures wonder foods. By itself it could solve the world food shortage. As a complete protein, easy to grow, low in fat, it could replace animal foods, and we'd all have plenty. So why don't we All eat it?

Two reasons, mainly. In its natural beany form it's a devil to cook. And in many of its forms it isn't easy on the palate. And the prize for dedication with Soya? Simply, the knowledge that you've cracked it! A tasty dish with the answer to the world famine on a plate. Go for it.

SOYA BEANS contain protein in similar amounts to animal foodstuffs, but unlike animal protein the fat content is both smaller and unsaturated. Also Soya beans contain linoleic acid and lecithin which helps lower the cholesterol level in the blood.

100g uncooked Soya beans contain: -

Protein 34.1g Folic acid 100ug

Fat 17.7g Iron 8.4mg

Carbohydrate 28.6g Calcium 226mg

Fibre 4.8g Magnesium 265mg

Vitamins A 24ug Potassium 1677mg

B1 1.1mg Sodium 5mg

B2 .31mg Phosphorous 544mg

B3 2.2mg

B6 .88mg

Soya beans take a long time to cook, they need soaking for 8-12 hours and cooking for 4 hours, boiling, vigorously for the first hour. To reduce cooking time after soaking cook in a pressure cooker for 50 minutes. When cooked they have a firm nutty flavour. Use for salads, pates, risottos and other savoury dishes.

Soya beans can be put to many uses: -

SPROUTING is one, which will increase their content of vitamin C and B.

To sprout Soya beans wash and soak a small measure of beans in a jar without a top for 12 hours then rinse and drain the beans at least 4-6 times daily. Keep the jar in a warm ventilated cupboard. The beans swell and the sprouts grow to about 8 times in volume to their original size. They will be ready to be used in 3-6 days. Best used after being steamed or boiled for a few minutes before eating in salads or other dishes.

MISO is fermented Soya beans and barley, rice or wheat. It is extremely nutritious, being rich in protein, minerals and some B vitamins. Genmai Miso, which we stock at Daily Bread, is made from Soya and rice and therefore is gluten free.

Use miso as a stock for soups, sauces, stews and casseroles as flavouring. Miso is best added near the end of cooking a dish.

SOYA SAUCE is a name that covers a multitude of brown seasonings. As one end of the spectrum is the manufactured Soya sauce containing caramel colouring, monosodium glutamate, salt and water.

REAL Soya sauce comes in two types, SHOYU and TAMARI, (both stocked At Daily Bread). These are both genuinely fermented pure products, with an infinitely preferable taste and leaving no chemical additive residues. Both are traditional Japanese seasonings with a history going back hundreds of years.

SOYA MILK is another by-product of Soya and can be cheap and easy to prepare, or it can be brought in cartons ready to use.

To make Soya milk, soak one third of a cup of Soya beans for at least four hours. Pre-heat the blender by whizzing boiling water in it for a minute. Empty it. Immediately put the drained Soya beans in and 2 cups of water that are boiling hard. Grind them for 2-3 minutes, strain through a sieve, or ideally a cheesecloth, squeezing out as much liquid as possible measure the amount. Heat gently in an open pan, better still a double boiler to prevent scorching, for half an hour. Remove from the heat, strain off any skin and re-measure the liquid making it up to the original amount by adding water. This will make approx. 1/4 pint.

SOYA FLOUR is rich in protein like all Soya products. It can be used to enrich whole bread and cakes, giving them a creamy flavour.

Also it is gluten free. For bread it is best used with wheat flour as it will not rise well on its own i.e. 2 tablespoons of Soya flour per 225g (8oz) of wheat flour.

SOYA GRANULES or T.V.P. Is a versatile food as a replacement for mince in many recipes. It is also far cheaper and contains less calories and saturated fat.

For hydrating use 1/2 to 2 times its weight in water or stock, i.e. 115g (4oz) Soya granules plus 170-225ml (6-8fl.oz.) liquid. Soak for 15 minutes or simmer for 3 minutes. Soya granules need to have flavour added to them, such as yeast extract, vegetable stock powder.

MISO is fermented Soya beans and barley, rice or wheat. It is extremely nutritious, being rich in protein, minerals and some B vitamins. Genmai Miso, which we stock at Daily Bread, is made from Soya and rice and therefore is gluten free.

Use miso as a stock for soups, sauces, stews and casseroles as flavouring. Miso is best added near the end of cooking a dish.

SOYA SAUCE is a name that covers a multitude of brown seasonings. As one end of the spectrum is the manufactured Soya sauce containing caramel colouring, monosodium glutamate, salt and water.

REAL Soya sauce comes in two types, SHOYU and TAMARI, (both stocked At Daily Bread). These are both genuinely fermented pure products, with an infinitely preferable taste and leaving no chemical additive residues. Both are traditional Japanese seasonings with a history going back hundreds of years.

SHOYU is a fermented of Soya beans and wheat which has been matured for at least a year. Shoyu has a deep rich flavour and quality. It is a most versatile seasoning in cooking or a condiment on the table. Enjoy it in soups, sauces, salads, casseroles and on grains and vegetables. Use in place of salt for a better flavouring effect and a greatly reduced salt intake. It brings out the natural sweetness in cooked vegetables, and can make fish less salty and more flavoursome.

TAMARI differs from Shoyu, in that no wheat is used in its production. This makes it ideal for those with a gluten allergy. It is richer, sharper and more savoury in flavour.

TOFU is a tasteless, Soya curd. It has many uses from Tofu ice cream to Tofu burgers. It will soak up the flavour of any ingredients that are added to it.

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Oh you had to go and bring SOYA into it now didnt you :nono:

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Don't start with your soya bashing again!!

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Watch out because SOYA is not all it seems.. Now this may shock you but it is scientific fact. There was much speculation and rumour regarding the toxicity induced by a possible rupture of rancid soya oil into the body cavity.

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Don't be so silly!

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...Just when my appetite was coming back...

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Its true i tell you!!

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I eat/drink soya every day, and as you know. I'm fine.

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That is quite a feat... With that kind of tale on the audacious subject of SOYA you could be mistaken for Herman Bang.

Herman Bang, 1857-1912, was from the late 1870s until his death frequently travelling and restlessly active as an author, journalist, stage director and reader. With his talent for dialogue and narrative he created short stories and novels which have been called impressionist and which are sometimes reminiscent of the cutting technique of film. His narrative style is one of the original Danish contributions to world literature. Bang's breakthrough novel, Haabløse Slægter (1880, Generations Without Hope), describes the last male descendant of a famous family and thus forms part of the contemporary European Decadent literature. The young protagonist's intimate relationship with a much older woman was condemned as pornographic and the book was banned. During the years 1885-1887, Bang resided in Berlin, Vienna and Prague, whence he wrote articles for Danish newspapers. These years were also the culmination of his authorship with the books Excentriske Noveller (1885, Eccentric Short Stories), Stille Eksistenser (1886, Humble Lives), the masterpiece Ved Vejen (By the Roadside) and the novel Stuk (1887, Stucco), which captures moods from the hectic, construction-obsessed Copenhagen of the gründer (company promoter) years. The novel Tine (1889) is a love story with a disastrous ending, interwoven with Denmark's defeat in the war of 1864. Other novels and short stories followed, often with a keynote of disappointed love and resignation. A life-long fascination with the theatre was kept alive by occasional assignments as a stage director, among others with Aurélien Lugné-Poë in Paris in 1893-1894. In Herman Bang's time, society's established moral code denied homosexuals a natural relationship with their own emotional life. Bang's talent enabled him to give literary expression to aspects of his love life, but as a writer he was forced to transfer erotic feelings onto heterosexual relationships. He is the master of some of the most penetrating psychological portraits of women in Danish literature. In 1911 he went on a reading tour of Russia and the year after he had planned a tour of USA and Japan. He died in Ogden City, Utah.

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is that true?

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Its somewhat hard to believe but yes it is in fact largely true!

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largely?

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Oh shit.. was that a clue..?

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clue to what?

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That isn't stimulating my appetite at all...

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what does?

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Yea what clue..!! haha there was no "clue" in that last message.. of course not.

no way no clue! In fact clues are often easily identifiable. Clues are words in a sentence that allow the reader to deduce (reason out) the meaning of an unfamiliar word in the sentence.

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is this a clue?

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